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- Purity
- >= 99% (HPLC)
- Form
- Lyophilised powder
- Origin
- United States
Manufactured for laboratory research. Not for human or veterinary use. Read full disclaimer →
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme studied in research into cellular-energy metabolism and sirtuin-pathway signalling in experimental models.
- Purity >= 99% (HPLC)
- Supplied as a lyophilised powder
- Independent batch identity and purity testing
- For laboratory research use only; not for human or veterinary use
What is NAD+?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every living cell, built from a nicotinamide nucleotide joined to an adenine nucleotide. It is a central carrier of electrons in redox reactions, cycling between its oxidised form (NAD+) and reduced form (NADH). Its molecular formula is C21H27N7O14P2 and its molar mass is 663.4 g/mol.
It is not a peptide and it is not a hormone. NAD+ is one of the most studied small molecules in cellular biochemistry, which is precisely why the marketing noise around it tends to outrun what the literature actually establishes. Kovalabs supplies it as a defined research chemical, nothing more.
Is NAD+ a peptide, and how does it differ from NMN?
No. NAD+ is a dinucleotide coenzyme, not a peptide (peptides are short chains of amino acids). It is also distinct from NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) and NR (nicotinamide riboside), which are biosynthetic precursors that sit upstream of NAD+ in metabolic pathways. The three are routinely conflated in consumer copy; for research purposes they are different molecules with different identifiers, and only NAD+ carries CAS 53-84-9 and PubChem CID 5892.
Is NAD+ legal in the UK?
NAD+ is an endogenous coenzyme and is not a controlled drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Kovalabs supplies it strictly as a research chemical for laboratory and analytical use only. It is not a medicine, not a supplement, and cannot be sold or supplied for human or animal consumption. The buyer is responsible for ensuring lawful handling, storage and use in their jurisdiction. Full terms are set out in our research disclaimer.
How is the identity and quality assured?
Identity and purity are confirmed against published identifiers, not asserted on the label. Each batch is supplied with a third-party Certificate of Analysis confirming a minimum of 99% purity by HPLC. The material is characterised against its published identifiers: CAS 53-84-9, PubChem CID 5892, molecular formula C21H27N7O14P2, molar mass 663.4 g/mol, InChIKey BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N. These let an independent lab confirm that what arrived matches what was ordered. Batch documentation is available via our Certificates of Analysis.
What does the research on NAD+ investigate?
NAD+ is studied as a coenzyme in cellular energy metabolism and redox balance, and as a substrate for enzyme families such as sirtuins and PARPs. None of this establishes an outcome in humans. The full mechanistic and study-design context lives in our monograph: NAD+ as a coenzyme: what the research investigates.
Synthesis and supply
NAD+ is supplied as a lyophilised research chemical and may be reconstituted for laboratory work using an appropriate solvent such as bacteriostatic water. Researchers comparing redox cofactors and cellular-pathway tools may also be looking at glutathione or epithalon, and the full range sits in our cellular research category.
- 2D structure
- Product name
- NAD+
- Synonyms
- NAD, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- Molecular formula
- C21H27N7O14P2
- Molecular weight
- 663.4 g/mol
- InChIKey
- BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N
- CAS number
- 53-84-9
- PubChem CID
- 5892
- Purity
- >= 99% (HPLC)
- Form
- Lyophilised powder
- Appearance
- White to off-white solid
- Solubility
- Bacteriostatic water
- Storage
- Lyophilised: store at -20C, dry and light-protected. Reconstituted: 2-8C.
- What is NAD+?
- NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme present in all living cells, formed from a nicotinamide nucleotide and an adenine nucleotide. It carries electrons in redox reactions, cycling between NAD+ and its reduced form NADH. Formula C21H27N7O14P2, molar mass 663.4 g/mol. Kovalabs supplies it for research use only.
- What does NAD stand for?
- NAD stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The plus sign in NAD+ denotes the oxidised form, which carries a net positive charge on its nicotinamide ring; NADH is the reduced form. Both are studied as coenzymes in cellular biochemistry.
- What does NAD mean in medical terms?
- Note a naming clash: in a clinical chart, NAD is usually an abbreviation for 'No Abnormality Detected' (or, historically, 'nothing abnormal detected') and is unrelated to this compound. The NAD+ supplied here is the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (CAS 53-84-9), a defined research chemical, not a clinical-charting term.
- Is NAD the same as NMN?
- No. NAD+ is a dinucleotide coenzyme, while NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a precursor molecule that sits upstream of NAD+ in biosynthetic pathways. They are distinct compounds with different identifiers. NAD+ alone carries CAS 53-84-9 and PubChem CID 5892.
- Is NAD+ a peptide?
- No. Peptides are short chains of amino acids; NAD+ is a dinucleotide coenzyme. It is supplied here as a defined research chemical, characterised against its published molecular identifiers rather than as a peptide sequence.
- What does NAD do at the cellular level?
- In research, and in laboratory models, NAD+ is studied as a coenzyme in redox reactions and cellular energy metabolism, and as a substrate for enzyme families such as sirtuins and PARPs. This describes its biochemical role in laboratory models and is not a claim of any effect in humans.
- What is NADH?
- NADH is the reduced form of NAD+. The two interconvert as electrons are accepted and donated during redox reactions, forming a coenzyme couple central to cellular biochemistry. Research using NAD+ frequently references this NAD+/NADH cycling.
- What does the research on NAD+ investigate?
- Studies examine NAD+ as a coenzyme in cellular energy metabolism and redox balance, its role as an enzyme substrate for families such as sirtuins and PARPs, and how its availability changes in cell and animal models, including a decline with age that drives interest in longevity research. None of this establishes an outcome in humans. The detailed evidence review is in our blog monograph.
- What are NAD injections?
- NAD is marketed in injectable wellness contexts elsewhere, but the material supplied here is a research chemical, not for administration to humans or animals. Kovalabs supplies NAD+ for laboratory and analytical research use only and makes no claim about any administered form.
- Can NAD+ be harmful to handle?
- As with any laboratory reagent, NAD+ should be handled using standard laboratory safety practice and the supplied Safety Data Sheet and Certificate of Analysis. It can act as an irritant and is sensitive to heat and hydrolysis, so it should be kept dry and cold. This is research-chemical handling guidance, not a statement about effects in humans, for whom it is not intended.
- Has NAD+ been shown safe or effective in humans?
- No. NAD+ has not been evaluated for safety or efficacy in humans for any purpose. It is supplied as a research chemical only and is not intended for human or animal use.
- Is NAD+ legal in the UK?
- NAD+ is an endogenous coenzyme and is not a controlled drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. It is supplied strictly for research use and cannot be sold for human consumption. The buyer is responsible for lawful use; see our research disclaimer.
- Are all NAD+ products the same?
- No. Purity and identity vary between suppliers, so verification matters more than the label. Each Kovalabs batch ships with a third-party Certificate of Analysis confirming a minimum of 99% purity by HPLC and matching the published identifiers, including CAS 53-84-9 and CID 5892.
- How should NAD+ be stored?
- As a lyophilised research chemical, NAD+ is best kept sealed, dry and cold, away from light and moisture, in line with the storage guidance on its Certificate of Analysis. NAD+ is sensitive to heat and hydrolysis, so handling conditions affect the stability of the reference material.
No third-party batch reports have been uploaded for this product yet. Reports are issued by independent labs after each manufacturing batch.
Calculator
Research planning only
Concentration250.00 mg/ml
Volume to draw0.001 ml
Insulin syringe (100 IU/ml)
0.1units
For research planning only. Not medical, dosing, or therapeutic advice. All Kovalabs products are research-use-only.
Store unreconstituted vials at −20°C for long-term, or refrigerated at 2-8°C for short-term use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water down the inside wall of the vial; gently swirl to dissolve. Do not shake.
Once reconstituted, refrigerate at 2-8°C and use within 2-4 weeks. Discard if cloudy, discoloured, or particulate.